Equivalence is not magic. Follow these 5 steps:
The equivalent book solves this by organizing parts into families. You look up a faulty transistor (e.g., ), and the book lists 15+ alternatives: BC547, 2SC1815, KSC945, etc. all transistor equivalent book
: Even if a guide suggests a match, always double-check these four parameters: : Must be the same (NPN vs. PNP). cap V sub cap C cap E cap O end-sub Equivalence is not magic