The most common culprit is the graphics driver (NVIDIA, AMD, or Intel). Drivers act as the translator between the game (which speaks DirectX) and the graphics card (which speaks hardware code). If a driver is outdated or has become corrupted, it may misinterpret a shader instruction, causing the application to crash.
. It usually triggers when the game tries to access your GPU via the DirectX API and fails, often due to: Corrupted Drivers : Missing or outdated GPU drivers are the primary culprit. Overclocking Instability
Conclusion
file in the game directory to force a re-render can clear corrupted data. Overclocking
If the game crashes on startup, try forcing it to use a different API: