Heat in solids is carried by two entities: electrons (in metals) and lattice vibrations (phonons). A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy.
For the materials engineer, having this text in means having the ability to instantly recall the origin of a material’s strength, conductivity, or magnetic moment. Whether you are designing a lithium-ion battery cathode or a high-entropy alloy, the physics inside that PDF explains why the atoms behave the way they do. Heat in solids is carried by two entities:
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