: As the pipe schedule increases, wall thickness grows to handle higher pressures, reducing the internal diameter. 3. Standards and Safety Factors Process Piping Fundamentals, Codes and Standards
If the local pressure in a liquid line drops below the vapor pressure, the liquid flashes into vapor bubbles. When these bubbles collapse downstream (in a higher-pressure zone), they create micro-jets that erode metal. : As the pipe schedule increases, wall thickness
For liquids, keep ΔP below 2 – 3 bar/100 m for economic pumping. : As the pipe schedule increases
Used for turbulent flow. For quick sizing, use: : As the pipe schedule increases, wall thickness