: The most comprehensive English scholarly translation is titled
: It documents the Songhay Empire from its mid-15th-century rise under Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad through the Moroccan conquest and subsequent rule by the Arma bureaucracy. tarikh al-sudan english translation pdf
The Internet Archive does hold a copy of the 1913 French translation by Houdas, which is in the public domain. For the English version, use the "Borrow" feature. If a library has donated a physical copy to the Archive, you can "borrow" the for 1 hour or 14 days. This is 100% legal and free. You simply need to create a free archive.org account. : The most comprehensive English scholarly translation is
Because this was published before 1925, it is fully in the public domain. You can download the PDF instantly from or the Internet Archive . If a library has donated a physical copy
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Tarikh al-Sudan (The History of Sudan) is a 17th-century chronicle written in Arabic by the West African scholar Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di (often rendered as al-Sadi or al-Sādi). It covers the history of the Songhay Empire and succeeding states in West Africa (centered on Gao, Timbuktu, and surrounding regions) from early Islamic times through the late 16th–early 17th century, with particular emphasis on the Askia dynasty and Moroccan invasion (1591) and its aftermath. The work is one of the major primary sources for Sahelian history and provides valuable local perspectives on politics, trade, scholarship, and society in the western Sudan.