In essence, veos-4.27.0f.vmdk is a pre-configured, bootable virtual hard disk that runs a full-featured Arista switch operating system.
In Arista EOS naming convention:
The Arista image is a virtualized version of Arista’s Extensible Operating System (EOS), designed to run in virtual environments like VMware, VirtualBox, GNS3, or EVE-NG. 1. Virtual Machine Requirements veos-4.27.0f.vmdk