: Indonesia’s anti-cybercrime laws (e.g., UU No. 19/2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions ) aim to curb the spread of harmful disinformation. Videos framed as “Dayak vs Madura conflicts” may be fabricated to stoke fear or ethnic animosity.

: Clips showing thousands of Madurese refugees fleeing Sampit for Surabaya on naval vessels. Aftermath Scenes

: Untuk dokumentasi visual yang nyata dari tahun 2001, Getty Images menyediakan foto-foto jurnalisme yang menangkap kondisi pengungsi, kehancuran pemukiman, dan kehadiran aparat keamanan pada saat itu.

The conflict was rooted in long-standing economic disparities, cultural differences, and social marginalisation under the transmigration program. Guide to Finding Reliable Historical Resources