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The future of veterinary science is —the concept that human, animal, and environmental health are inextricably linked. Animal behavior is the lens through which we view that health.

: Focusing on animals managed by humans, such as farm livestock, pets, and zoo animals. wwwzoofilia

For much of the 20th century, the veterinary profession was dominated by a biomedical model focused on the eradication of disease and the repair of physical injury. While this approach successfully advanced surgical techniques and pharmacological treatments, it often treated the animal as a physiological machine, detached from its psychological experience. In recent decades, however, a paradigm shift has occurred. The field of animal behavior (ethology) has moved from the periphery of biological science to the center of veterinary practice. The future of veterinary science is —the concept

: Veterinarians often treat cases like "tail-chasing," which can escalate from a few minutes a day to a compulsive, self-injurious behavior requiring specialized behavior management and psychopharmacology [11, 14]. For much of the 20th century, the veterinary

The stethoscope tells us how the heart is beating . Behavioral science tells us how the heart is feeling .