Argues animals have inherent value and should not be used as property.

As philosopher Gary Francione notes: There is no such thing as humane animal exploitation. It is a contradiction in terms.

The discourse surrounding our treatment of non-human animals is anchored in two distinct yet overlapping philosophies: animal welfare animal rights

Welfare advocates generally believe that humans can use animals for food, labor, or companionship, provided that the animals are treated humanely and their suffering is minimized. 2. Animal Rights: The Philosophy of Justice